Did you know sunscreen does more than just prevent sunburn? It also lowers your risk of skin cancer and helps fight early signs of aging. Pair it with shade, UV-protective clothing, and a wide-brimmed hat, and you’re giving your skin the ultimate defense.
With so many options out there—chemical vs. mineral, creams, sprays, sticks—it can be tricky to know how to choose a sunscreen that would be the best for you. The good news? There’s sunscreen for every skin type, whether you’re oily, dry, acne-prone, or sensitive. Ready to find your perfect match? Here’s how to choose the right sunscreen for you.
Your Sun Survival Guide: Breaking Down SPF and UV Rays
SPF, or “sun protection factor,” measures how well sunscreen shields your skin from UVB rays—the ones that cause sunburn and skin cancer. Here’s the breakdown: SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays, SPF 30 blocks 97%, and SPF 50 blocks 98%. Experts usually suggest to choose a sunscreen with SPF 30 to 50 for solid protection without the illusion of invincibility that higher SPFs might give.
Make sure your sunscreen is “broad-spectrum,” so it protects against both UVB and UVA rays. A simple way to remember? UVB results in burning, UVA damages your skin, resulting in a tan and aging. While both types can overlap in their effects, UVB rays are the main culprits behind sunburns and skin cancer, while UVA rays sneak in to cause wrinkles and dark spots—and can even penetrate through windows.
It’s worth noting that UV radiation, whether from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds, is a known carcinogen. Every tan damages your skin, speeding up aging and increasing your risk of skin cancer.
Chemical vs. Mineral Sunscreens: Let the Sunblock Showdown Begin!
There are two main types of sunscreen, and one of them is mineral sunscreen, also known as physical sunscreen. These formulas sit on the surface of your skin, creating a barrier that blocks the sun’s rays. If you spot “zinc” or “titanium” on the label, you’re looking at mineral sunscreen. These can sometimes leave a white cast on the skin, but hey, some even come in fun colors that kids love! They work instantly when applied, though they’re easier to wash off with sweat or water.
Mineral sunscreens, which use active ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are a go-to for people with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Why? They don’t soak into your skin, so the risk of irritation or allergies is super low. Bonus: zinc can even help with breakouts. However, they can feel a bit thicker and may take some extra scrubbing to remove, which isn’t ideal if your skin is easily irritated.
Experts often recommend mineral sunscreens for those dealing with eczema, rosacea, psoriasis, or other sensitive skin issues. If you’re also worried about product safety, mineral sunscreens are a solid choice. Some studies have shown that ingredients in chemical sunscreens can enter the bloodstream, and while there’s no clear evidence they’re harmful, it’s enough to make some people lean toward mineral options for peace of mind.
The FDA has given a thumbs-up to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide as safe and effective, but it’s still waiting on more data about the safety of chemicals used in sunscreens. To add to their credibility, all 83 sunscreens deemed safe by the Environmental Working Group—a nonprofit that reviews sunscreen safety—are mineral-based.
Chemical sunscreens, also called organic sunscreens, work by soaking up UV rays instead of blocking them. Think of them as little baseball mitts catching UV rays and turning them into harmless heat, which is then released from your skin. Since they absorb into the top layer of your skin, they don’t leave behind that whitish residue like mineral sunscreens, and they’re less likely to wash off with water or sweat. But keep in mind—they need about 15-30 minutes to kick in.
If your sunscreen doesn’t have titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, it’s a chemical sunscreen. These formulas rely on ingredients like homosalate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, octinoxate, octisalate, and octocrylene to do their magic. They’re popular because they blend easily into the skin, making them a great choice if you’re not a fan of the chalky finish that mineral sunscreens can leave behind.
That said, the white cast from mineral sunscreens can actually be a sign of their staying power, which makes them a better pick for long days at the beach—you won’t need to reapply as often. Chemical sunscreens, on the other hand, might need a bit more diligence with reapplication since they don’t stick around as long.
Some sunscreens are hybrids, meaning they combine active ingredients from both chemical and mineral (physical) formulas. To figure out what’s in yours, check the “Active Ingredients” section on the label. Hybrids can be a bit thicker than purely chemical options, and even a small amount of chemical ingredients might leave a slight cast behind.
How High Should You Go with SPF?
When it comes to sunscreen, SPF can feel a bit like a numbers game. Dermatologists recommend to choose a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, which blocks about 97% of UVB rays. Sure, higher SPFs—like 50 or even 100—offer slightly more protection, but no sunscreen can block 100%. The difference between SPF 30 and 50 is just 1% more coverage, so don’t stress too much about chasing the highest number.
Higher SPFs can be helpful if you’re outdoors for long stretches or tend to skimp on sunscreen application. Most people only apply about half the recommended amount, so using a higher SPF might give you a little extra buffer. Just remember, even the highest SPF won’t last forever. Think of it as a protective layer that needs regular touch-ups, not a magic shield and reapply every two hours, especially if you’re sweating or swimming.
The American Academy of Dermatology suggests SPF 30 or higher for everyday use and always picking a “broad-spectrum” formula to guard against both UVA and UVB rays.That said, higher SPFs might be a good choice for those with very fair skin, a history of skin cancer, or plans to spend extended time in intense sun, like at high altitudes or near the equator.
Spray, Stick, or Cream? Sunscreen for Every Mood and Moment
Sunscreens come in all sorts of forms, from creams and gels to sprays and sticks, so be sure choose a sunscreen that works for you and the area you’re protecting.
Each type has its perks. Creams are great for dry skin and faces, while gels work well on oily or hairy areas like the scalp or chest. Sticks are handy for around the eyes, and sprays are super convenient for kids—just be sure to spray until the skin glistens, rub it in, and avoid inhaling it. Tinted sunscreens can double as makeup, offering extra protection against visible light that can worsen dark spots.
Sprays and sticks are convenient but can be tricky for full coverage. Sprays can blow away in the wind and sticks require multiple swipes for proper protection. Creams provide more reliable coverage because they go on thicker. Still, any sunscreen is better than none, so use what you have, but be sure to apply it correctly for maximum protection.
A mix-and-match approach can be practical: sprays for the beach, lotion for the pool, and sticks for touch-ups on sensitive areas like your nose or lips. The key is consistency and proper application. Follow the label’s instructions, and you’ll be well-protected, no matter the format.
Tip-Top Tips for SPF Use
When it comes to sunscreen, the best one is the one you’ll actually use—and use often!
Choose a sunscreen with the words “broad-spectrum” on the label (it means protection from both UVA and UVB rays).
Choose SPF 30 or higher for solid coverage.
Use enough! About a shot glass full (1 ounce) is what most adults need to cover their whole body.
Don’t miss spots like the tops of your feet, your neck, ears, and scalp if it’s exposed. Apply to dry skin about 15 minutes before you step outside.
Your lips need love too—grab a lip balm or lipstick with SPF 30+ to keep them safe.
Water-resistant sunscreen is great for staying power, but it’s not “waterproof” or “sweatproof.” Reapply after swimming or sweating.
SPF in makeup or moisturizer? Nice, but it’s not enough if you’ll be in the sun for long. Always reapply sunscreen every two hours when you’re outside, or more often if needed.
And here’s a pro tip: check that expiration date! Old sunscreen won’t cut it.
Conclusion
Who needs sunscreen? Everyone! No matter your age, gender, or skin tone, sunscreen is your skin’s best friend for dodging harmful UV rays. It helps prevent skin cancer (one in five Americans will get it in their lifetime!) and keeps wrinkles, spots, and other signs of premature aging at bay.
Sure, sunscreen’s old-school reputation for being thick and chalky still lingers, and social media myths don’t help either. But let’s be real: sunscreen protects you.
The key is to find a sunscreen you actually like using every day. Thankfully, there’s no shortage of options now—formulas are lighter, less greasy, and work for every preference. Whether it’s chemical, mineral, or hybrid, pick a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30+ that you’ll actually use. Your skin will thank you!
And if you’re spending time in direct sunlight, don’t forget to stay hydrated—your body needs it just as much as your skin needs sunscreen.
